Study programme title in Est.
Puidu-, plasti- ja tekstiilitehnoloogia
Study programme title in Engl.
Technology of Wood, Plastic and Textiles
TalTech study programme code
KVEM12
MER study programme code
118837
Study programme version code
KVEM12/25
Faculty / college
E - School of Engineering
Head of study programme/study programme manager
Jaan Kers
Language of instruction
English
Self-paid study programme
no
Nominal study period
4 semesters
Study programme group
Engineering, Manufacturing and Technology
Broad area of study
Engineering, Manufacturing and Construction
Study field
Manufacturing and processing
Granting the right to conduct studies in the study programme group
õppe läbiviimise õigus
Validity date of the right to conduct studies in the study programme group
tähtajatu
No. of the decision granting the right to teach in the study programme group
112
Access conditions
Bachelor's degree or education of corresponding qualification in natural sciences or engineering in accordance with admission requirements of TalTech.
Study programme aims and objectives
The programme aims to ensure competence in wood, plastics, textile and garment production technologies,
relevant scientific research and development activities ,and solving industrial problems in the company.
The two main specializations (wood technology, technology of plastics and textiles) of the study programme is based on combining the profound theoretical courses with practically relevant problem based learning in technology courses and research projects that provide smooth transition from university studies to professional career.
The programme has been composed to prepare MSc level specialists who are able to take up high-level manager, chief engineer, technologist positions in many areas of international wood, plastics, textiles and other materials processing company or start their career in furniture, upholstery furniture or apparel industry or continue their studies at the PhD level. Show more...
Learning outcomes of the study programme
A graduate:
- knows the materials used in wood, furniture, plastics, textiles, apparel industry, and their usage in production processes
- analyses, correlates and is able to use acquired broad-based knowledge (terms, study methods, test standards, technologies, processes and management) in the field of wood, plastics and textile technology
- has a systematic overview of broad-based knowledge on chosen specialty in general and specifically on chosen specialization (concepts, technologies, materials, research methods);
- knows current trends and actual problems of his/her specialty and has a general idea of the state of the art, as of the industry related to his/her specialty, both in Estonia and other countries;
- is able to work in a team and organise production;
- is able of choose and apply appropriate methods and technologies for solving specialty-specific problems, as well as estimating the possible consequences of solutions;
- knows basics of innovation, production, design, technology and project management knowledge in research work and in the company;
- knows the main technological processes related to his/her specialty and possibilities of sustainable development of these. Show more...
Graduation requirements
Completion of the curriculum in the required amount, and the successful defence of the graduation paper in conformity with the requirements set by the TalTech Senate.
In order to obtain Cum Laude diploma the graduation paper must be defended for the grade "5" and the weighted average grade must be at least 4,60, where all grades from diploma supplement are taken into account. Show more...
Degrees conferred
Master of Science in Engineering
Study programme version structure :
Module type
total ECTS credits
+
MAIN SPECIALITY 1: wood technology
+
MODULE: Technnology entrepreneurship and management 12.0 ECTS credits (General studies)
Aims
- To give an opportunity to obtain knowledge of the actual technology trends in the field of specialty;
- application skills in project planning, analysis, implementation and control;
- enable students to plan and/or go in practice through the entrepreneurship process to implement a technology based business idea and/or set up a technology enterprise (teamwork and interdisciplinary study);
- to provide knowledge and practical skills on basics of strategic management as well as fundamentals of financial management;
- to explain the nature and challenges of supply chain management on the levels of process planning, business model and supplier network management. Show more...
Learning outcomes
Student will:
- apply the knowledge in project planning, analysis and control in project implementation;
- have an overview of problems in production in the field of specialty and have an idea of management and engineer's work in the industry;
- estimate business opportunities in the area of technology in international business environment;
- plan and justify the business plan of a technology based business idea;
- understand the main functions of a company, and the essence of strategic management;
- undestand the principles of making investment decisions, is able to analyse an investment project;
- be skilled to systematically analyse in project planning and management phases the practical supply chain environments and configuration principles and set supply chain priorities and development activities. Show more...
Compulsory courses:
Course title
Course code
ECTS credits
Hours per week
Lectures
Practices
Exercises
E/P-F.Ass./ Gr.Ass.
Teaching semester
MMJ5280
6.0
4.0
1.0
0.0
3.0
H
S
Elective courses:
Course title
Course code
ECTS credits
Hours per week
Lectures
Practices
Exercises
E/P-F.Ass./ Gr.Ass.
Teaching semester
KAK8220
6.0
4.0
3.0
0.0
1.0
E
SK
KMP0340
6.0
4.0
1.0
1.0
2.0
E
SK
LKK0130
6.0
4.0
2.0
1.5
0.5
E
K
LKK0180
6.0
4.0
3.0
0.5
0.5
E
K
LKK0190
6.0
4.0
3.0
0.0
1.0
E
K
MLE0010
6.0
4.0
0.0
4.0
0.0
A
SK
MMK5260
6.0
2.5
1.0
0.0
1.5
E
SK
MMO5530
6.0
4.0
1.0
2.0
1.0
E
K
Total: at least 6.0 ECTS credits
+
MODULE: Research and development 30.0 ECTS credits (Core studies)
Aims
To give opportunities for the student to obtain knowledge:
- on the application of circular economy principles in various industrial fields (wood, plastic and textile industry and production of building materials)
- about ecodesign as a sustainable and systematic approach to the product life cycle
- of main industrial products and application technologies for making glued joints and finishing of wood, plastic and textile products;
- about basics of using CAD programmes in solving engineering tasks, preparing technical drawings and using CAM program for parts manufacturing;
- in modelling of products and processes by using engineering tools based on computer technologies;
- about increasing production efficiency by using real time monitoring and control of the production equipment;
- of the main principles of green chemistry and technology and main environmental problems in industry in Estonia and abroad;
- of classical and advanced cellulose technologies, supplies for cellulose and techniques of processing thermoplastic cellulose and other derivatives.. Show more...
Learning outcomes
A student:
- applies the principles of the sustainable business model of the circular economy in industry and everyday life
- values the materials used in industry and everyday life and makes sense of the importance of using waste in sustainable economic development
- analyzes the entire product life cycle in the product creation process, taking into account the impact on the environment, society's well-being and health in general
- will be able to select suitable commercially available products and industrial technologies for gluing and finishing of wooden, plastic and textile materials;
- will obtain practical skills of using CAD programmes to develop CAD-related technical drawings and to apply acquired knowledge in using CAM technology for machining of parts with simple geometry;
- has an overview in field of simulation and modelling technologies;
- is able to design the zero-waste and zero-discharge industrial processes;
- will gain knowledge in the field of advanced cellulose and chemical modification technology developments and its applications of processing thermoplastic cellulose and other derivatives. Show more...
Compulsory courses:
Course title
Course code
ECTS credits
Hours per week
Lectures
Practices
Exercises
E/P-F.Ass./ Gr.Ass.
Teaching semester
EKW0440
6.0
4.0
3.0
1.0
0.0
E
K
EKW0450
6.0
4.0
2.0
2.0
0.0
E
SK
EKX0350
6.0
4.0
1.0
2.0
1.0
E
SK
EKX0560
6.0
4.0
0.0
4.0
0.0
E
S
Elective courses:
Course title
Course code
ECTS credits
Hours per week
Lectures
Practices
Exercises
E/P-F.Ass./ Gr.Ass.
Teaching semester
EKP0360
6.0
4.0
2.0
1.0
1.0
E
S
EKT0020
6.0
4.0
2.0
1.0
1.0
E
K
EKW0400
6.0
4.0
3.0
1.0
0.0
E
S
EKX0040
3.0
2.0
2.0
0.0
0.0
E
K
EKX0060
3.0
2.0
2.0
0.0
0.0
E
K
EMT0070
6.0
4.0
2.0
2.0
0.0
E
K
EMT0160
6.0
4.0
1.0
3.0
0.0
E
SK
Total: at least 6.0 ECTS credits
+
MODULE: Technologies of Wood and Furniture Products 24.0 ECTS credits (Special studies)
Aims
To give opportunities for the student to obtain knowledge:
- for working in the international wood industry producing saw materials, profiled and panel materials (plywood, MDF, wood chip panels, wood-plastics), engineering wood, wooden-, furniture and upholstery furniture products;
- to be able to continue studying at the doctoral level in the scientific field of wood technology or wood polymer composites;
- about the structure of wood and composite materials and the relations between their physical and chemical properties in order to develop the material selecting skills, creating thereby a theoretical basis for understanding wood processing and furniture production technologies and methods;
- in the field of testing wood and wood polymer composite-, furniture and upholstery furniture products;
- about the main and auxiliary production processes in the industry of forestry and saw materials, wood and wood panel materials, wooden and upholstery furniture and pre-fabrication of wooden houses;
- new development trends in sustainable materials and products, where wooden and plastic waste from production and consumption are recycled for making new products or energy recovery. Show more...
Learning outcomes
A student:
- will be able to solve problems related to his/her specialty and management in the modern high technology production,
sustainable both in terms of materials and the environment;
- proceeding from the structure and properties of different wood and wood-polymer composites, a student will be able to choose, depending on the purpose, the appropriate material, processing technology and method;
- will know the principles and standard methods of testing wood materials (timber), wood products, furniture and upholstery;
- will be familiar with reutilization and energy recovery technologies of wood and plastic production waste and consumption waste. Show more...
Compulsory courses:
Course title
Course code
ECTS credits
Hours per week
Lectures
Practices
Exercises
E/P-F.Ass./ Gr.Ass.
Teaching semester
EKW0421
6.0
4.0
2.0
2.0
0.0
E
S
EKW0570
6.0
4.0
2.0
2.0
0.0
E
K
EKW0580
6.0
4.0
1.0
3.0
0.0
E
S
Elective courses:
Course title
Course code
ECTS credits
Hours per week
Lectures
Practices
Exercises
E/P-F.Ass./ Gr.Ass.
Teaching semester
EKW0430
6.0
4.0
3.0
0.0
1.0
E
K
EKW0470
6.0
4.0
2.0
0.0
2.0
E
S
KCM0350
6.0
4.0
3.0
0.0
1.0
E
SK
Total: at least 6.0 ECTS credits
+
MODULE: Methodology and Conduct of Research Projects 18.0 ECTS credits (Special studies)
Aims
For a student to acquire a profound knowledge and solid skills by project based learning connected with master thesis topic.
For students to acquire practical skills of independent activity both in a scientific research laboratory and an enterprise processing wood, plastics or textiles producing wood products or furniture (depending on the Master thesis topic) under conditions of sustainable and environment-friendly production.
To develop the capability of working in a team and solving problems independently, both in an enterprise and in an academic environment.
To develop student research work planning, execution and reporting skills.
To develop student skils for presenting the research work results in seminars. Show more...
Learning outcomes
Student
- is capable to analyse the literature and to compose the literature review in the selected project topic;
- is able to apply and analyse the obtained theoretical knowledge in consequent working either in high-technological production in company or scientific research institution and is capable to work both independently and in a team;
- is able to relate the skills acquired by practical work carried out in a company or in an academic research laboratory, to the knowledge acquired during his/her theoretical studies and be able to improve his/her knowledge as necessary;
- writes the report about the research work and obtained results;
- presents the research work results in the seminar. Show more...
Compulsory courses:
Course title
Course code
ECTS credits
Hours per week
Lectures
Practices
Exercises
E/P-F.Ass./ Gr.Ass.
Teaching semester
EKX0411
6.0
4.0
0.0
4.0
0.0
H
SK
EKX0412
6.0
4.0
0.0
4.0
0.0
H
SK
EKX0413
6.0
4.0
0.0
4.0
0.0
H
SK
+
MODULE: Free choice courses 6.0 ECTS credits (Free choice courses)
Aims
For a student to have a possibility to select, according to his /her interests and personal qualities,
subjects from different curricula. Show more...
Learning outcomes
A student will:
- have a thorough knowledge and practical skills proceeding from his /her interests and personal qualities;
- have a broad-minded view on and experience in solving problems related to his/her specialty. Show more...
+
MODULE: Master thesis 30.0 ECTS credits (Graduation thesis)
Aims
For a student to acquire a profound knowledge and solid skills of practical work by means of solving given technological or scientific problems related to his/her specialty.
To create a better understanding of the importance of the problems solved in the framework of the thesis for a real working environment either in a production enterprise or in scientific research. Show more...
Learning outcomes
A student will:
- have a profound knowledge and practical skills in order to solve particular technological or scientific problems related to his/her specialty;
- have a solid theoretical knowledge and problem solving skills in a real working environment. Show more...
+
STANDARD STUDY PLAN: Autumn daytime study
+
MAIN SPECIALITY 3: technology of plastics and textiles
+
MODULE: Technnology entrepreneurship and management 12.0 ECTS credits (General studies)
Aims
- To give an opportunity to obtain knowledge of the actual technology trends in the field of specialty;
- application skills in project planning, analysis, implementation and control;
- enable students to plan and/or go in practice through the entrepreneurship process to implement a technology based business idea and/or set up a technology enterprise (teamwork and interdisciplinary study);
- to provide knowledge and practical skills on basics of strategic management as well as fundamentals of financial management;
- to explain the nature and challenges of supply chain management on the levels of process planning, business model and supplier network management. Show more...
Learning outcomes
Student will:
- apply the knowledge in project planning, analysis and control in project implementation;
- have an overview of problems in production in the field of specialty and have an idea of management and engineer's work in the industry;
- estimate business opportunities in the area of technology in international business environment;
- plan and justify the business plan of a technology based business idea;
- understand the main functions of a company, and the essence of strategic management;
- undestand the principles of making investment decisions, is able to analyse an investment project;
- be skilled to systematically analyse in project planning and management phases the practical supply chain environments and configuration principles and set supply chain priorities and development activities. Show more...
Compulsory courses:
Course title
Course code
ECTS credits
Hours per week
Lectures
Practices
Exercises
E/P-F.Ass./ Gr.Ass.
Teaching semester
MMJ5280
6.0
4.0
1.0
0.0
3.0
H
S
Elective courses:
Course title
Course code
ECTS credits
Hours per week
Lectures
Practices
Exercises
E/P-F.Ass./ Gr.Ass.
Teaching semester
KAK8220
6.0
4.0
3.0
0.0
1.0
E
SK
KMP0340
6.0
4.0
1.0
1.0
2.0
E
SK
LKK0130
6.0
4.0
2.0
1.5
0.5
E
K
LKK0180
6.0
4.0
3.0
0.5
0.5
E
K
LKK0190
6.0
4.0
3.0
0.0
1.0
E
K
MLE0010
6.0
4.0
0.0
4.0
0.0
A
SK
MMK5260
6.0
2.5
1.0
0.0
1.5
E
SK
MMO5530
6.0
4.0
1.0
2.0
1.0
E
K
Total: at least 6.0 ECTS credits
+
MODULE: Research and development 30.0 ECTS credits (Core studies)
Aims
To give opportunities for the student to obtain knowledge:
- on the application of circular economy principles in various industrial fields (wood, plastic and textile industry and production of building materials)
- about ecodesign as a sustainable and systematic approach to the product life cycle
- of main industrial products and application technologies for making glued joints and finishing of wood, plastic and textile products;
- about basics of using CAD programmes in solving engineering tasks, preparing technical drawings and using CAM program for parts manufacturing;
- in modelling of products and processes by using engineering tools based on computer technologies;
- about increasing production efficiency by using real time monitoring and control of the production equipment;
- of the main principles of green chemistry and technology and main environmental problems in industry in Estonia and abroad;
- of classical and advanced cellulose technologies, supplies for cellulose and techniques of processing thermoplastic cellulose and other derivatives.. Show more...
Learning outcomes
A student:
- applies the principles of the sustainable business model of the circular economy in industry and everyday life
- values the materials used in industry and everyday life and makes sense of the importance of using waste in sustainable economic development
- analyzes the entire product life cycle in the product creation process, taking into account the impact on the environment, society's well-being and health in general
- will be able to select suitable commercially available products and industrial technologies for gluing and finishing of wooden, plastic and textile materials;
- will obtain practical skills of using CAD programmes to develop CAD-related technical drawings and to apply acquired knowledge in using CAM technology for machining of parts with simple geometry;
- has an overview in field of simulation and modelling technologies;
- is able to design the zero-waste and zero-discharge industrial processes;
- will gain knowledge in the field of advanced cellulose and chemical modification technology developments and its applications of processing thermoplastic cellulose and other derivatives. Show more...
Compulsory courses:
Course title
Course code
ECTS credits
Hours per week
Lectures
Practices
Exercises
E/P-F.Ass./ Gr.Ass.
Teaching semester
EKW0440
6.0
4.0
3.0
1.0
0.0
E
K
EKW0450
6.0
4.0
2.0
2.0
0.0
E
SK
EKX0350
6.0
4.0
1.0
2.0
1.0
E
SK
EKX0560
6.0
4.0
0.0
4.0
0.0
E
S
Elective courses:
Course title
Course code
ECTS credits
Hours per week
Lectures
Practices
Exercises
E/P-F.Ass./ Gr.Ass.
Teaching semester
EKP0360
6.0
4.0
2.0
1.0
1.0
E
S
EKT0020
6.0
4.0
2.0
1.0
1.0
E
K
EKW0400
6.0
4.0
3.0
1.0
0.0
E
S
EKX0040
3.0
2.0
2.0
0.0
0.0
E
K
EKX0060
3.0
2.0
2.0
0.0
0.0
E
K
EMT0070
6.0
4.0
2.0
2.0
0.0
E
K
EMT0160
6.0
4.0
1.0
3.0
0.0
E
SK
Total: at least 6.0 ECTS credits
+
MODULE: Technology of Plastics; Technology of Textiles and Garment Industry 24.0 ECTS credits (Special studies)
Aims
To give opportunities for the student to obtain knowledge:
- and skills in order to be employed in the plastics and other polymeric materials processing as well as textiles and garment industries;
- to continue his/her studies at the doctoral level in the field of material science;
- about the relations between the structure and properties of polymeric materials and typical representatives of the materials in order to develop the skill of choosing materials, creating thereby a theoretical basis for understanding the essence of processing technologies and methods;
- in the field of polymer composites and testing of polymers and textiles;
- to get familiar with biopolymers, their genesis and ways of processing;
- on the garment production technologies and equipment and using of 2D- and 3D-technologies;
- on arranging quality systems in various textiles and garment production processes. Show more...
Learning outcomes
A student
- will be able to solve problems related to his/her specialty and management in the modern high technology production,
sustainable both in terms of materials and the environment;
- proceeding from the structure and properties of different polymers, a student shall be able to choose, depending on the purpose, the material, processing technology and method;
- will have acquired a theoretical basis and practical level sufficient for participating in product and technology development in plastics or textile materials processing industry;
- will know the principles of testing polymeric and textile materials and the new possibilities offered by composite materials,
- will be familiar with biopolymers, their genesis, processing methods and biodegradation;
- is able to use acquired knowledge to choose suitable garment production technologies and equipment and to apply 2D- and 3D-technologies;
- is able to use acquired knowledge on quality system management in organising various textiles and garment production processes. Show more...
Elective courses:
Course title
Course code
ECTS credits
Hours per week
Lectures
Practices
Exercises
E/P-F.Ass./ Gr.Ass.
Teaching semester
EKT0050
6.0
4.0
2.0
1.0
1.0
E
S
EKW0470
6.0
4.0
2.0
0.0
2.0
E
S
EKW0580
6.0
4.0
1.0
3.0
0.0
E
S
SUBMODULES: Mandatory number of fully passed submodules: 1
Submodule: Technology of Plastics
EKP0612
6.0
4.0
1.0
1.0
2.0
E
K
EKP0630
6.0
4.0
2.0
1.0
1.0
A
SK
EKP0711
6.0
4.0
2.0
1.0
1.0
E
S
Submodule: Technology of Textiles and Garment Industry
EKT0010
6.0
4.0
1.0
3.0
0.0
E
K
EKT0030
6.0
4.0
2.0
2.0
0.0
E
S
EKT0060
6.0
4.0
2.0
2.0
0.0
E
S
Total: at least 24.0 ECTS credits
+
MODULE: Methodology and Conduct of Research Projects 18.0 ECTS credits (Special studies)
Aims
For a student to acquire a profound knowledge and solid skills by project based learning connected with master thesis topic.
For students to acquire practical skills of independent activity both in a scientific research laboratory and an enterprise processing wood, plastics or textiles producing wood products or furniture (depending on the Master thesis topic) under conditions of sustainable and environment-friendly production.
To develop the capability of working in a team and solving problems independently, both in an enterprise and in an academic environment.
To develop student research work planning, execution and reporting skills.
To develop student skils for presenting the research work results in seminars. Show more...
Learning outcomes
Student
- is capable to analyse the literature and to compose the literature review in the selected project topic;
- is able to apply and analyse the obtained theoretical knowledge in consequent working either in high-technological production in company or scientific research institution and is capable to work both independently and in a team;
- is able to relate the skills acquired by practical work carried out in a company or in an academic research laboratory, to the knowledge acquired during his/her theoretical studies and be able to improve his/her knowledge as necessary;
- writes the report about the research work and obtained results;
- presents the research work results in the seminar. Show more...
Compulsory courses:
Course title
Course code
ECTS credits
Hours per week
Lectures
Practices
Exercises
E/P-F.Ass./ Gr.Ass.
Teaching semester
EKX0411
6.0
4.0
0.0
4.0
0.0
H
SK
EKX0412
6.0
4.0
0.0
4.0
0.0
H
SK
EKX0413
6.0
4.0
0.0
4.0
0.0
H
SK
+
MODULE: Free choice courses 6.0 ECTS credits (Free choice courses)
Aims
For a student to have a possibility to select, according to his /her interests and personal qualities,
subjects from different curricula. Show more...
Learning outcomes
A student will:
- have a thorough knowledge and practical skills proceeding from his /her interests and personal qualities;
- have a broad-minded view on and experience in solving problems related to his/her specialty. Show more...
+
MODULE: Master thesis 30.0 ECTS credits (Graduation thesis)
Aims
For a student to acquire a profound knowledge and solid skills of practical work by means of solving given technological or scientific problems related to his/her specialty.
To create a better understanding of the importance of the problems solved in the framework of the thesis for a real working environment either in a production enterprise or in scientific research. Show more...
Learning outcomes
A student will:
- have a profound knowledge and practical skills in order to solve particular technological or scientific problems related to his/her specialty;
- have a solid theoretical knowledge and problem solving skills in a real working environment. Show more...
+
STANDARD STUDY PLAN: Autumn daytime study
+
MINOR SPECIALITY MODULE: Bioproducts, sustainable chemistry and technology
Aims
To give opportunities for the student to obtain knowledge:
- of the main principles of sustainable chemistry and technology and main environmental problems in industry in Estonia and abroad;
- of the fractionation of cellulose, chemical modification, environmental impact of different dissolution processes, synthesis methods, processes and products and options for recycling cellulose;
- of sustainable chemistry and bioconversion technologies used in biorefineries to for processing different type of feedstock’s and bio wastes to obtain biomaterials, -chemicals and –fuels and their biochemical characteristics. Deficiencies and cost effectiveness
- of biopolymers, their chemical structures, properties and functions and their highly diverged applications in bio-based materials and bioproducts based on their chemistry:
- of product lifecycle analysis, materials processing-, recycling- recovery- and energy recovery technologies
- of the modelling and optimization of life cycle analysis (LCA) of greener technologies. Show more...
Learning outcomes
- knows ands understands actual sustainable development problems and of current trends in his/her specialty and has a general idea of the state of the art,
as of the industry related to his/her specialty, both in Estonia and other countries;
- analyses, correlates and is able to use acquired broad-based knowledge in bioproducts, sustainable chemistry and technologies for solving the actual problems of the companies and in research work
- has a systematic overview of broad-based knowledge on processes of various bioconversion technologies and biochemical characteristics of a wide range of feedstocks and bio wastes used in biorefinery applications for development and productiom of bioproducts
- is able of choose and apply appropriate sustainable technologies for bioproducts production as well as estimating the possible consequences of solutions based on life cycle analysis to ensure that it is the best possible solution for the environment through the development and best practices of greener technologies. Show more...
Elective courses:
Course title
Course code
ECTS credits
Hours per week
Lectures
Practices
Exercises
E/P-F.Ass./ Gr.Ass.
Teaching semester
EKP0360
6.0
4.0
2.0
1.0
1.0
E
S
EKW0400
6.0
4.0
3.0
1.0
0.0
E
S
EKW0470
6.0
4.0
2.0
0.0
2.0
E
S
KAK8220
6.0
4.0
3.0
0.0
1.0
E
SK
KMP0340
6.0
4.0
1.0
1.0
2.0
E
SK
LKK0130
6.0
4.0
2.0
1.5
0.5
E
K
LKK0180
6.0
4.0
3.0
0.5
0.5
E
K
LKK0190
6.0
4.0
3.0
0.0
1.0
E
K
Total: at least 48.0 ECTS credits

